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Figaro (genus)
''Figaro'' is a genus of catshark, and part of the family Scyliorhinidae. Until 2008, Figaro was generally considered to be a subgenus of ''Galeus'' (sawtail catsharks). The two known species are found off Australia, inhabiting deep, offshore waters on or near the bottom. ''Figaro'' contains small, slender, firm-bodied sharks that bear distinctive crests of enlarged, spiny dermal denticles along the dorsal and ventral edges of their short caudal fins. The caudal peduncle is relatively long, such as that the anal and caudal fins are some distance apart. In adult males, the inner margins of the pelvic fins are fused together to form a subtle "apron" over the claspers. ''F. boardmani'' is a predator of fishes, crustaceans, and cephalopods, and is oviparous; less is known about the ''F. striatus''. Both are harmless and are of no economic importance.
==Taxonomy==
''Figaro'' was coined as a subgenus of ''Pristiurus'' by Australian ichthyologist Gilbert Percy Whitley in a 1928 issue of the scientific journal ''Records of the Australian Museum'', to contain his newly described species ''P. boardmani''. In 1908, Henry Weed Fowler synonymized ''Pristiurus'' with the genus ''Galeus''. Though Whitley elevated ''Figaro'' to the rank of full genus in 1939, most authors continued to regard ''Figaro'' as a subgenus of ''Galeus''.〔 In 1983, Yuan-Ting Chu and colleagues referenced ''Figaro'' to contain ''Galeus boardmani'', ''Dichichthys melanobranchus'' (=''Parmaturus melanobranchus''), and ''F. piceus'' (=''P. melanobranchus''). However, it is uncertain whether they intended to resurrect ''Figaro'' or were simply unaware of its synonymy with ''Galeus'', and their use of the ventral denticle crest to define the genus posed taxonomic problems. In 2008, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) researchers Daniel Gledhill, Peter Last, and William White resurrected ''Figaro'' with additional defining characters, to contain ''F. boardmani'' and the new species ''F. striatus''. The genus has since been generally accepted as distinct.
One of the key characteristics of ''Figaro'', the ventral crest of denticles on the caudal fin, is also present in several species of the genus ''Parmaturus'', as well as the Springer's sawtail catshark (''G. springeri'') and the mouse catshark (''G. murinus'').〔 ''Figaro'' also closely resembles the genus ''Asymbolus'' in several morphological characters, including the fusion of the pelvic fin inner margins in adult males. More research is required to elucidate the relationships between ''Figaro'', ''Galeus'', ''Asymbolus'', and ''Parmaturus''.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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